Linda McCartney Biography

American photographer and musician (1941–1998)For the food brand founded by McCartney, see Linda McCartney Foods.

Linda Louise McCartney, Lady McCartney (née Eastman; September 24, 1941 – April 17, 1998) was an American photographer and musician. She was the keyboardist and harmony vocalist in the band Wings that also featured her husband, Paul McCartney of the Beatles.

Beginning in the mid-1960s, Linda began a career as a photographer, landing with Town & Country, where she soon gained *ignments to photograph various musicians and entertainers. By the late 1960s, she was a regular fixture at the Fillmore East, a New York concert venue, where she became the unofficial house photographer capturing numerous performances at the legendary club, and was the first woman to have a photograph on the cover of the influential music journal Rolling Stone. Her photographs were displayed in galleries and museums such as the Victoria and Albert Museum, and were collected in several books.

Linda had been learning to play keyboards from her husband, and after the 1970 breakup of the Beatles, Paul and Linda recorded the album Ram together, and they formed the band Wings in 1971. She continued to play alongside Paul following Wings' breakup in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993.

She was an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks. She founded the vegetarian Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband. In 1995, she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease three years later at the age of 56.

Early years

Linda McCartney was born Linda Louise Eastman in Manhattan, New York, on September 24, 1941. She had one older brother named John, and two younger sisters named Laura and Louise Jr. Her mother, Louise Sara Eastman (née Lindner), was from a German-Jewish family. Her maternal grandfather was Max J. Lindner, founder of the Lindner Company clothing store in Cleveland, Ohio. Her father, Lee Eastman, was born Leopold Vail Epstein and was the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants. His sister Rose Frisch became a noted scientist who worked on women's fertility and population studies. Her father practiced entertainment law in New York and counted among his famous clients Harold Arlen, Tommy Dorsey, Willem de Kooning, Jack Lawrence, and Mark Rothko. At Eastman's request, Lawrence wrote the song "Linda" when she was one year old. It was recorded by Buddy Clark in 1947 and went to No. 2 on the Billboard Best Sellers chart, and was recorded again in 1963 by duo Jan and Dean.

Eastman graduated from Scarsdale High School in 1959. She then attended Vermont College in Montpelier, Vermont, where she received an *ociate of Arts in 1961. Her brother John, who studied law like their father, later became the attorney and manager of her husband Paul McCartney. She preferred nature and animals while growing up and enjoyed going horseback riding as a child. After graduating from Vermont College, she attended the University of Arizona and majored in fine arts while taking up nature photography as a hobby. While she was studying there, her mother was killed in the 1962 crash of American Airlines Flight 1 in Jamaica Bay, New York. She then left the University of Arizona without graduating, and married Joseph Melville See Jr. (in June 1962) Their daughter Heather was born in December 1962. They divorced in 1965, and Linda resumed using her maiden name.

Career

Photography

Linda became a receptionist and editorial *istant for Town & Country magazine. In 1965, she became romantically involved with photographer David Dalton. She studied how he worked during photo shoots, how he set up shots and managed lighting and composition. When she began her own shoots, such as with music groups, he said he was "astonished" at how easily she could take control of unruly or uncooperative musicians. He said that shooting rock groups was "a bloody pain in the neck. But with the lovely Linda, all this changed:... Now their eyes were pinned on her."

Dalton was also impressed by the intelligence of Eastman's daughter. "Linda and I would get high and Heather would say the most amazing things:... I'd think, 'This is André Breton at six years old!'" He added that he found Linda's relationship with Heather a "very charming aspect of her life with this wonderful child".

When the magazine received an invitation to photograph the Rolling Stones during a record promotion party on a yacht, Eastman immediately volunteered to represent the publication. The photo shoot marked a turning point in her life:

I was the only photographer they allowed on the yacht. I just kept clicking away with the camera, and they enjoyed it and I enjoyed it, and suddenly I found that taking pictures was a great way to live and a great way to work.

Eastman's father wanted her to undertake formal training with a professional photographer. "Well, I never had the patience for that", she said. "I had to trust my feelings." But she studied the photography of horses at college in Arizona under Hazel Larsen Archer and became an avid nature hobbyist, using a Leica camera. A few months after her Rolling Stones shoot, she was allowed backstage at Shea Stadium, where the Beatles performed.

Eastman had gained some experience in celebrity photography and became an unofficial house photographer at Bill Graham's Fillmore East concert hall. Among the artists she photographed there were Todd Rundgren, Aretha Franklin, Grace Slick, Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin, Eric Clapton, Simon & Garfunkel, the Who, the Doors, the Animals, John Lennon, and Neil Young. Her photo of Young, taken in 1967, was used on the cover of Sugar Mountain – Live at Canterbury House 1968 in 2008.

She photographed Clapton for Rolling Stone magazine and became the first woman to have a photograph on the cover (May 11, 1968). After she married McCartney, her photo of the two of them appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone on January 31, 1974, making her the only person to appear on the magazine's cover who was also the photographer. Her photographs were later exhibited in more than 50 galleries internationally, and at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. A collection of photographs from that time, Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era, was published in 1992. She also took the photograph for the cover of Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson's single "The Girl Is Mine".

Music

Main article: Paul McCartney and WingsPaul and Linda McCartney at the Academy Awards at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion April 2, 1974

After the Beatles broke up in 1970, Paul taught Linda to play keyboards and recorded an album with her, Ram, as a duo. The couple formed the band Wings. They garnered several Grammy Awards, becoming one of the most successful British bands of the 1970s, but had to endure jibes about Linda's singing.

In 1977 the reggae-inspired single "Seaside Woman" was released by an obscure band called Suzy and the Red Stripes on Epic Records in the United States. Suzy and the Red Stripes were Wings, with Linda (who wrote the song) on lead vocals. The song, recorded by Wings in 1972, was written in response to allegations from Paul's publisher that Linda's co-writing credits were inauthentic and that she was not a real songwriter. In 1971 Northern Songs and Maclen Music filed a lawsuit alleging that Paul McCartney had violated an exclusive rights agreement by collaborating with Linda on the song "Another Day", which had the effect of transferring a 50% share of the publishing royalties to his own McCartney Music company. The lawsuit was "amicably settled", according to an ATV spokesman, in June 1972.

The McCartneys shared an Oscar nomination for the song "Live and Let Die"; they were photographed together at the event in April 1974. Linda's album Wide Prairie, which included "Seaside Woman", was released posthumously in 1998. Along with eight other British composers, Paul contributed to the choral album A Garland for Linda, and he dedicated his cl*ical album Ecce Cor Meum (1999) to Linda.

Vegetarian cookbooks and company

Main article: Linda McCartney Foods

When she and Paul decided to become vegetarians in 1975, Linda stated that she would no longer "eat anything with a face" and "if slaughterhouses had gl* walls the whole world would be vegetarian."

This shift led to the creation of cookbooks and a company. In 1989, she released her first vegetarian cookbook, Linda McCartney's Home Cooking (she credits author Peter Cox "for all of his help and research" on the copyright page). Next in 1991, Linda started her own company called Linda McCartney Foods, that served frozen vegetarian meals. According to Far Out Magazine, Linda McCartney Foods, "helped make it easier and more accessible for people to choose not to eat meat. At the time, options were extremely limited and Linda essentially made vegetarianism possible on a much larger scale. The brand is one of Britain's most established meat-free food products." However, in 1999, the H. J. Heinz Company acquired the company, and in 2007, the Hain Celestial Group bought it.

Her next vegetarian cookbook, Linda's Kitchen: Simple and Inspiring Recipes for Meatless Meals, was published in 1995, and was nominated for a James Beard Foundation Award in the Vegetarian Books category in 1996. In 2021, Paul, Stella, and Mary McCartney updated and veganized a number of Linda's vegetarian recipes, and released them as the vegan cookbook, Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen.

Personal life

Marriages

Melville See Jr. (1962–1965)

Eastman's first marriage was to Joseph Melville See Jr. (April 19, 1938 – March 19, 2000), whom she met in college. He earned a geology degree from Princeton and pursued graduate studies at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Eastman followed him there, where she enrolled at the university to study art history. She was there on 1 March 1962 when her mother was killed in the crash of American Airlines Flight 1.

She married See on June 18, 1962, and their daughter Heather Louise was born on December 31, 1962. The couple had dissimilar lifestyles, became increasingly unhappy, and divorced in June 1965. He was an academic who spent much of his time studying and doing research, while she preferred a home life. She loved the wide open spaces in Arizona and enjoyed riding horses through the desert landscape. The settings, with saguaro cacti, reminded her of scenery from western films, which inspired her to take up photography as a hobby.

Paul McCartney (1969–1998)

See also: Paul McCartney, Heather McCartney, Mary McCartney, Stella McCartney, and James McCartney

On May 15, 1967, while on a photo *ignment in London, Eastman met Paul McCartney at the Bag O'Nails club, where Georgie Fame was performing. They met again four days later at the launch party for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band at Brian Epstein's house. When her *ignment was completed, she flew back to New York City.: 432 

They got together again the following May in New York, while McCartney and John Lennon were there to inaugurate Apple Records. A few months after he returned to London, McCartney invited Eastman to spend some time with him there. When she arrived, they went to his home, where they spent the evening. "He must have been really happy that night", said one of the fans who often loitered outside his home. "He sat on the windowsill with his acoustic guitar and sang 'Blackbird' to us from his upstairs room."

McCartney was attracted to Eastman for a number of reasons, which he explained later: "I liked her as a woman; she was good-looking with a good figure, so physically I was attracted to her.": 471  McCartney also liked her sense of independence:

"Her mental at*ude was quite rebellious:... she was the kind of kid who would hang out in the kitchen with the black maids" to learn cooking. She disliked socializing. They both liked natural surroundings, he said, and they shared a love of nature, which became one of their most important emotional links.: 471  He knew that because of her "very free spirit", she was considered a rebel and a black sheep by her family for avoiding excelling in education, unlike her father and brother. "She was an artist," Paul said, "and was not cut out to be an academic.": 471 

Linda's daughter, Heather, created another strong bond between them, since he had always liked and wanted children of his own. When McCartney first met Heather, who was nearly six, he insisted that she and Linda move to London to live with him. After they did, he devoted time to Heather, playing with her, reading her stories, and drawing cartoons with her. He sang her to sleep at bedtime.

Linda McCartney performing in 1976 with Paul McCartney and Wings

Biographer Philip Norman observed that Linda had some personality aspects which Paul admired. She seemed less concerned with clothing or her public appearance, preferring to dress casually, even in semi-formal settings. She typically held his arm when they were together, often "gazing up at him in awe", and seeming to idolize him. Paul's friends said that he began to be less formal, whether shaving less often or just wearing simpler clothes. "He could go on the bus down to Apple," said his maid, "and no one would recognize him."

Linda's relaxed at*ude about everyday things began to affect him in other ways. He recalls once feeling guilty because he was exhausted from work and, having trained himself to never appear tired, apologized to her. She simply replied, "it's allowed", which amazed him. "I remember thinking, * hell! That was a mind-blower. I'd never been with anyone who thought like that:... it was patently clear that it was allowed to be tired."

They were married in a small civil ceremony at Marylebone Town Hall on March 12, 1969. British fans reacted negatively, partly because his marriage ended McCartney's status as the last unattached Beatle.: 51  John Lennon married Yoko Ono a week later, and both women were perceived by fans as reasons for the group's breakup.: 50  Lennon at one point publicly criticized the way the press treated Linda: "She got the same kind of insults, hatred, absolute garbage thrown at her for no reason whatsoever other than she fell in love with Paul McCartney.": 52 

In late 1969, Paul fell into a deep depression due to the Beatles' pending breakup after John Lennon's departure. He spent days in bed and drank excessively, wondering what to do with his life. McCartney later said that Linda helped him pull out of that crisis by praising his work as a songwriter and persuading him to continue writing and recording.: 131 

After a few troubled months, Paul McCartney wrote "Maybe I'm Amazed" in Linda's honour. He explained during an interview that the song was written "for me and Linda", and that with the Beatles breaking up,

"that was my feeling: Maybe I'm amazed at what's going on ... Maybe I'm a man and maybe you're the only woman who could ever help me; Baby won't you help me understand ... Maybe I'm amazed at the way you pulled me out of time, hung me on the line, Maybe I'm amazed at the way I really need you." He added that "every love song I write is for Linda."

His marriage to Linda, viewed as such a disastrous misstep at the time, became by far the happiest and most durable in pop. Despite the immensity of his fame and wealth, the couple managed to lead a relatively normal domestic life and prevent their children from becoming the usual pampered, neglected, screwed-up rock-biz brats. If the public never quite warmed to Linda, thanks mainly to her militant vegetarianism and animal-rights activism, she was acknowledged to have been the right one for him, just as Yoko had been for John.

—Biographer Philip Norman

During their 29-year marriage, the McCartneys had four children: she brought her daughter Heather (whom Paul later formally adopted) from her first marriage, and together the couple had Mary (b. 1969), Stella (b. 1971), and James (b. 1977).

They sometimes went to his farmhouse retreat in the west of Scotland which he had originally purchased to "escape Beatlemania".: 470  They both liked and needed time away from the city, and were equally attracted to natural surroundings, writes biographer Barry Miles. "We'd just enjoy sitting out in nature", Paul said.: 470  The song "Two of Us" on Let it Be was written by Paul during one of their country drives. "This song was about that: doing nothing, trying to get lost:... the wonderfully free at*ude we were able to have.": 470 

Linda recalled the setting:

Scotland was like nothing I'd ever lived in. It was the most beautiful land you have ever seen, way at the end of nowhere. To me it was the first feeling I'd ever had of civilization dropped away ... so different from all the hotels and limousines and the music business, so it was quite a relief.: 522 

McCartney began writing more of his songs away from the studio. "I found that I was enjoying working alone", he said.: 571  He wrote the song "The Lovely Linda" for his debut solo album while they were staying in Scotland.: 571  In 1971, they recorded the album Ram.

She became Lady McCartney when her husband was knighted in 1997. Her brother, entertainment lawyer John Eastman, had represented McCartney since the Beatles' breakup, until his death in 2022.

Lifestyle

Animal rights activist

A strong advocate of animal rights, Linda lent her support to many organizations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the Council for the Protection of Rural England, and Friends of the Earth. She was also a patron of the League Against Cruel Sports. She narrated a TV adverti*t for PETA in which she said: "Have you ever seen a fish gasping for breath when you take it out of the water? They're saying, 'Thanks a lot for killing me. It feels great, you know.' No! It hurts!" After her death, PETA created the Linda McCartney Memorial Award.

*

In 1984, McCartney was arrested in Barbados for possession of *; her husband had been arrested in 1975 in Los Angeles on the same charge. After flying to Heathrow Airport, she was arrested on charges of possession. She later said that, while hard drugs are "disgusting", * is "pretty lightweight".

Diagnosis and death

McCartney was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1995, and her condition worsened when the cancer metastasized to her liver. Paul was aware of the prognosis and later said, "The doctors had told me privately that we'd caught it too late, that she'll have about 18 months. And that was what she had." She died from the disease at the age of 56 on April 17, 1998, at the McCartney family ranch in Tucson, Arizona. Her family was with her when she died.

McCartney was cremated in Tucson, and her ashes were scattered at the McCartney family's English farm in Sussex. Paul later suggested that fans remember her by donating to breast cancer research charities that did not support animal testing, "or the best tribute: go veggie". A memorial service was held at St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London, which was attended by George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Billy Joel, Elton John, David Gilmour, Peter Gabriel, and other celebrities among a congregation of 700. A memorial service was also held at Riverside Church in Manhattan two months after her death. Paul said at her funeral, "She was my girlfriend. I lost my girlfriend."

McCartney left all of her property to Paul, including royalties from books and records and rights to her photos. He pledged to continue her line of vegetarian food and to keep it free from GMOs.

Tributes and dedications

The Linda McCartney Memorial Garden and bronze statue in Kintyre, Scotland

In June 1998, the artist Brian Clarke exhibited The Gl* Wall (Dedicated to Linda McCartney), a 1,012 square foot artwork in stained gl*, at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery in New York. Created by Clarke between 1997–98, a period in which he and McCartney exhibited their collaborations in photography and stained gl* together at the Swiss National Museum of Gl* Arts in Romont, the artwork—which takes as its motif the fleur-de-lys or lily, cited as Linda's favourite flower—was renamed in tribute to her after her death. The exhibition, of the same name, ran until September 1998, after which The Gl* Wall was acquired by the Corning Museum of Gl*, and installed as part of its permanent collection in Steuben.After her death, the Edinburgh International Film Festival premiered Wide Prairie, a six-minute cartoon fantasy film McCartney made with director Oscar Grillo.

In April 1999, Paul McCartney performed at the "Concert for Linda" tribute at the Royal Albert Hall, organized by two of their friends, Chrissie Hynde and Carla Lane. Among the artists who performed, besides Paul, were George Michael, the Pretenders, Elvis Costello, Tom Jones, and Neil Finn. Paul closed the concert by dedicating the event to Linda, whom he called his "beautiful baby", and their children.

On 19 July 1999, just a few yards from Calderstones House in Liverpool, Paul officially opened the Linda McCartney Children's Play Area in Calderstones Park, unveiling a plaque at the entrance and planting a Cypress Oak tree (Quercus fastigiata) nearby overlooking the play area.

In January 2000, Paul announced donations in excess of $2,000,000 for cancer research at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York and the Arizona Cancer Center in Tucson, where Linda received treatment. The donations, through the Garland Appeal, were made on the condition that no animals would be used for testing. Also in 2000, The Linda McCartney Centre, a cancer clinic, opened at The Royal Liverpool University Hospital. In November 2002, the Linda McCartney Kintyre Memorial Trust opened a memorial garden in Campbeltown near where the family's Scottish farmhouse was located, with a bronze statue of her created by sculptor Jane Robbins, Paul's cousin.

Representation in other media

Elizabeth Mitchell and Gary Bakewell played the McCartneys in the 2000 TV film The Linda McCartney Story. She was portrayed by Catherine Strauss in the 1985 TV film John and Yoko: A Love Story. The McCartneys guest-starred as themselves in The Simpsons episode "Lisa the Vegetarian".

She appears in the 2021 Peter Jackson do*entary The Beatles: Get Back.

Discography

Main article: Wings discography

Albums

  • Ram (1971) (with Paul McCartney)
  • Wide Prairie (1998)

Solo singles

Session work

  • Paul McCartney – McCartney (1970)
  • The Beatles – Let It Be (1970)
  • Denny Laine – Holly Days (1977)
  • Denny Laine – *anese Tears (1980)
  • Paul McCartney – McCartney II (1980)
  • Paul McCartney – Tug of War (1982)
  • Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace (1983)
  • Paul McCartney – Give My Regards to Broad Street (1984)
  • Paul McCartney – Press to Play (1986)
  • Paul McCartney – Flowers in the Dirt (1989)
  • Paul McCartney – Off the Ground (1993)
  • Paul McCartney – Flaming Pie (1997)

See also

  • List of animal rights advocates
  • List of vegetarians

References

  1. "Linda McCartney food line boosts Hain Celestial" Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Newsday, November 10, 2010.
  2. That it was owned by Heinz: Nigel Slater, "When the McCartneys came for lunch" Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, The Observer, April 29, 2007.

Bibliography

  • McCartney, Linda. Linda McCartney's Home Cooking: Quick, Easy, And Economical Vegetarian Dishes for Today. (Arcade, 1990) ISBN:978-1559700979
  • McCartney, Linda. Linda's Kitchen: Simple And Inspiring Recipes For Meatless Meals. (Arcade, 1995) ISBN:978-0821221235
  • McCartney, Linda (with Paul, Mary, and Stella McCartney). Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen: Over 90 Plant-Based Recipes to Save the Planet and Nourish the Soul. (Voracious/Little, Brown, and Co., 2021) ISBN:978-0-316-49798-5

Further reading

  • Fields, Danny (2001). Linda McCartney. Time Warner (Paperbacks). ISBN:978-0-7515-2985-2.
  • Halstead, Craig (2007). Michael Jackson: For the Record. Authors OnLine. ISBN:978-0-7552-0267-6.
  • Miles, Barry (1997). Many Years From Now. Vintage-Random House. ISBN:978-0-7493-8658-0.
  • Spitz, Bob (2005). The Beatles – The Biography. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN:978-0-316-80352-6.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Linda McCartney.Wikimedia Commons has media related to Linda McCartney.
  • Official website
  • Linda McCartney at IMDb
  • Linda McCartney's Family Kitchen - In Conversation with Paul, Mary and Stella (Paul McCartney Official Channel) - Interview, Oct 6, 2021
Live albums
  • Wings over America (with Wings)
  • Tripping the Live Fantastic
  • Unplugged (The Official Bootleg)
  • Paul Is Live
  • Back in the U.S.
  • Back in the World Live
  • Amoeba's Secret
  • Good Evening New York City
  • Live in Los Angeles
  • Amoeba Gig
Remix albums
  • Liverpool Sound Collage
  • Twin Freaks
  • McCartney III Imagined
Compilations
  • Wings Greatest
  • All the Best!
  • The Paul McCartney Collection
  • Wingspan: Hits and History
  • Never Stop Doing What You Love
  • Pure McCartney
  • McCartney I II III
  • The 7" Singles Box
Books
  • High in the Clouds
  • Hey Grandude!
  • The Lyrics: 1956 to the Present
  • 1964: Eyes of the Storm
Filmography
  • A Hard Day's Night (1964)
  • Help! (1965)
  • Magical Mystery Tour (1967)
  • Yellow Submarine (1968)
  • Let It Be (1970)
  • James Paul McCartney (1973)
  • One Hand Clapping (1974)
  • Wings Over the World (1979)
  • Back to the Egg (1979)
  • Concert for Kampuchea (1980)
  • Rockshow (1980)
  • Rupert and the Frog Song (1984)
  • Give My Regards to Broad Street (1984)
  • Put It There (1989)
  • MTV Unplugged (1991)
  • Get Back (1991)
  • Liverpool Oratorio (1991)
  • Paul Is Live (1993)
  • In the World Tonight (1997)
  • Standing Stone (1997)
  • Tropic Island Hum (1997)
  • Live at the Cavern Club (1999)
  • Working Cl*ical (2000)
  • Wingspan (2001)
  • The Concert for New York City (2001)
  • Back in the U.S. (2002)
  • Paul McCartney in Red Square (2003)
  • The Music and Animation Collection (2004)
  • Between Chaos and Creation (2005)
  • The Space Within US (2006)
  • Memory Almost Full – Deluxe Edition (2007)
  • The McCartney Years (2007)
  • Ecce Cor Meum (2008)
  • Good Evening New York City (2009)
  • The Love We Make (2011)
  • A Rendez-Vous with Paul McCartney (2013)
  • New – Collector's Edition (2014)
  • A MusiCares Tribute To Paul McCartney (2015)
  • Pure McCartney (2016)
  • Carpool Karaoke: When Corden Met McCartney Live From Liverpool (2018)
Bootlegs
  • Cold Cuts
  • Costello Album
  • A Toot and a Snore in '74
  • Return to Pepperland
Tours
  • The Paul McCartney World Tour
  • The New World Tour
  • Driving World Tour
  • The 'US' Tour
  • Summer Live '09
  • Good Evening Europe Tour
  • Up and Coming Tour
  • On the Run
  • Out There
  • One on One
  • 2018 Secret Gigs
  • Freshen Up
  • Got Back
Tributes
  • The Art of McCartney
  • Let Us in Americana: The Music of Paul McCartney
  • Pure McCartney (2013 album)
Lists
  • Awards
  • Discography
  • Music contributions and appearances
  • Song recordings
Related media
  • "Cut Me Some Slack"
  • The Family Way
  • A Garland for Linda
  • "Lisa the Vegetarian"
  • The McCartney Interview
  • Many Years from Now
  • Oobu Joobu
  • Paul McCartney Archive Collection
  • Paul McCartney's Glastonbury Groove
  • Two of Us (film)
  • Wide Prairie
Other topics
  • 20 Forthlin Road
  • The Beatles
  • Brian Clarke
  • The Fireman
  • Lennon–McCartney
  • Heather Mills
  • MPL Communications
  • "Paul is dead"
  • Paul McCartney Band
  • Personal relationships
  • The Quarrymen
  • Wings
  • Category
Cases
  • Brown Dog affair
  • Cambridge University primates
  • McLibel case
  • Monkey selfie copyright dispute
  • Pit of despair
  • SHAC
  • Silver Spring monkeys
  • University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
  • Unnecessary Fuss
  • War of the currents
Methodologies
  • Direct Action Everywhere
  • Hunt sabotage
Observances
  • World Animal Day
  • World Day for the End of Speciesism
  • World Day for Laboratory Animals
  • World Day for the End of Fishing
ActivistsParties
  • Animal Justice Party (Australia)
  • Animal Politics EU (Europe)
  • Animal Protection Party of Canada (Canada)
  • Animal Justice Party of Finland (Finland)
  • Animals' Party (Sweden)
  • Animalist Movement (Italy)
  • Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (Spain)
  • DierAnimal (Belgium)
  • Human Environment Animal Protection (Germany)
  • Italian Animalist Party (Italy)
  • Party for the Animals (Netherlands)
  • People Animals Nature (Portugal)
  • V-Partei³ (Germany)
Activism
  • Animal Rights National Conference
Albums
  • Animal Liberation (1987)
  • Tame Yourself (1991)
  • Manifesto (2008)
  • Salvation of Innocents (2014)
  • Onward to Freedom (2014)
Fairs and exhibitions
  • Holocaust on your Plate (2003)
  • Category ( 137 )
EthicsFood
and drink
  • Agave syrup
  • Chicken fillet roll
  • Coconut burger
  • Coconut milk
  • Fruits
  • Grains
    • cereals
    • legumes
  • Gelatin subs*utes
    • Agar
    • Carrageenan
    • Gulaman
    • Konjac jelly
    • Microbial cellulose
  • Jambon
  • Meat alternative
    • List of meat subs*utes
  • Miso
  • Mochi
  • Mock duck
  • Nutritional yeast
  • Plant cream
  • Plant milk
  • Quinoa
  • Quorn
  • Seitan
  • Soy yogurt
  • Tempeh
  • Tofu
  • Tofurkey
  • Cheese
  • Vegepet
  • Vegetables
  • Hot dog
  • Vegetarian mark
  • Sausage
  • Sausage roll
  • Beer
  • Wine
  • Veggie burger
Groups
and eventsCompanies
  • List of vegetarian and vegan companies
Books,
reports,
journals
  • On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
  • An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty (1802)
  • Vegetable Cookery (1812)
  • A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813)
  • Reasons for not Eating Animal Food (1814)
  • Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
  • Nature's Own Book (1835)
  • Fruits and Farinacea (1845)
  • The Pleasure Boat (1845)
  • The Ethics of Diet (1883)
  • What is Vegetarianism? (1886)
  • Shelley's Vegetarianism (1891)
  • Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses (1892)
  • Why I Am a Vegetarian (1895)
  • Figs or Pigs? (1896)
  • Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (1903)
  • The Meat Fetish (1904)
  • The New Ethics (1907)
  • A Fleshless Diet (1910)
  • The Benefits of Vegetarianism (1927)
  • Living the Good Life (1954)
  • Ten Talents (1968)
  • Diet for a Small Planet (1971)
  • The Vegetarian Epicure (1972)
  • Moosewood Collective Cookbooks (1973)
  • The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook (1975)
  • Laurel's Kitchen (1976)
  • Moosewood Cookbook (1977)
  • Fit for Life (1985)
  • Diet for a New America (1987)
  • The Sexual Politics of Meat (1990)
  • Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone (1997)
  • The China Study (2005)
  • Skinny * (2005)
  • Livestock's Long Shadow (2006)
  • The Bloodless Revolution (2006)
  • Eating Animals (2009)
  • Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (2009)
  • The Vegan Studies Project (2015)
  • Animal (De)liberation (2016)
  • The End of Animal Farming (2018)
  • Vegetable Kingdom (2020)
  • Making a Stand for Animals (2022)
  • Meat Atlas (annual)
Films and shows
  • The Animals Film (1981)
  • Diet for a New America (film) (1991)
  • A Cow at My Table (1998)
  • Meet Your Meat (2002)
  • Post Punk Kitchen (2003–2005)
  • Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
  • Earthlings (2005)
  • A Sacred Duty (2007)
  • Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (2010)
  • Planeat (2010)
  • Forks Over Knives (2011)
  • Vegucated (2011)
  • Live and Let Live (2013)
  • Cowspiracy (2014)
  • PlantPure Nation (2015)
  • What the Health (2017)
  • Carnage (2017)
  • Dominion (2018)
  • Eating You Alive (2018)
  • The Game Changers (2018)
  • You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (2024)
Magazines
  • Naked Food
  • Satya
  • Vegetarian Times
  • VegNews
  • The Animals' Agenda
Academics,
authors,
physiciansChefs and
cookbook authors
  • Nava Atlas
  • Mayim Bialik
  • Gypsy Boots
  • BOSH!
  • Edward Espe Brown
  • Tabitha Brown (actress)
  • Suzy Amis Cameron
  • Hannah Che
  • Pinky Cole
  • Chloe Coscarelli
  • Yamuna Devi
  • Sue Donaldson
  • Crescent Dragonwagon
  • Rose Elliot
  • Rip Esselstyn
  • Carol Lee Flinders
  • Dick Gregory
  • Richa Hingle
  • Madhur Jaffrey
  • Mollie Katzen
  • Frances Moore Lappé
  • Deborah Madison
  • Linda McCartney
  • Mary McCartney
  • Tracye McQuirter
  • Joanne Lee Molinaro
  • Moosewood Collective
  • Isa Chandra Moskowitz
  • Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
  • Gaz Oakley
  • Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
  • Mathew Pritchard
  • Satchidananda Saraswati
  • Derek Sarno
  • Miyoko Schinner
  • Alicia Silverstone
  • Bryant Terry
  • Anna Thomas
  • Haile Thomas
  • Lauren Toyota
  • Jeeca Uy
  • Umberto Veronesi
  • Nisha Vora
  • Alan Wakeman
Restaurants
  • Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
  • Cinnaholic
  • Crossroads Kitchen
  • Greens Restaurant
  • Little Pine (restaurant)
  • *ty Vegan
  • Souley Vegan
  • Veggie Grill
Related
  • Vegetarian and vegan symbolism
  • List of vegan media
  • Juice fasting
  • Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
  • Vegaphobia
  • Plant-based diet
  • Sustainable diet
    • Low-carbon
    • Planetary health
  • Flexitarianism
    • Pescetarianism
    • Pollotarianism
Linda McCartney